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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN/>
      <EISSN/>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 5 Issue 2</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>August-September 2024</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2024</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>International Relations</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Comparative Study of Sino-Indian Economic influence with Countries Sharing Land-boundaries in South Asia</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>330</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>362</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Prayant</FirstName>
          <LastName>Praved</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2024.5213</DOI>
      <Abstract>Kautilya in his “Raj-mandala Theory” in Arthashastra addressed that there is a possibility of immediate neighbouring country to be hostile but neighbour’s neighbouring countries can be potential allies. He also stated that a country should make alliance with a country who is stronger than one’s neighbouring enemy, and in the absence of such, the country should deliberately attempt to gain favour by supplying money or army or by ceding a part of its territory and by keeping itself aloof. This paper analyses the influence China and India have created due to trade and investment with neighbouring South Asian countries in the last five years. This paper also tries to ponder about knowing neighbours from Indian perspective. The objective of this paper to investigate:&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Trade-balance between South Asian countries, India and China, which directly or indirectly influence the policy in South Asia.&#13;
	Areas of investment in South Asia by India, to retain its influence in the region.&#13;
	Hurdles in creating confidence to boost trade.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>India,China,South Asia,trade,economic relations,sphere of influence</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://www.ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=15396&amp;title=Comparative Study of Sino-Indian Economic influence with Countries Sharing Land-boundaries in South Asia</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Adhikari, M. P. (2020). Mines and; Minerals. Ministry of Industry, government of Nepal., office of the investment board. Kathmandu: Investment Board Nepal. Retrieved February 18, 2024, from https://ibn.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Mines-Minerals-Sector-Profile.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Anglia, C. R. (2023, April 19). Climate Change Knowledge Portal. Retrieved January 31, 2024, from World Bank Group: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/pakistan/climate-data-historical&#13;
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Bhonsale, M. (2020, April). Bhutan’s 20-Year Economic. Mumbai: Observer Research Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2024, from https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ORF_IssueBrief_354_India-Bhutan.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Brar, A. (2023, September 06). Afghanistan is Next in China’s Eurasian Connectivity Dream, but Old Problems Persist. Retrieved January 26, 2024, from idsp.eu: https://isdp.eu/afghanistan-is-next-in-chinas-eurasian-connectivity-dream-but-old-problems-persist/&#13;
&#13;
Cheema, A. S. (2023, May 19). China’s Gamble in Afghanistan. Retrieved January 26, 2024, from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2023/05/chinas-gamble-in-afghanistan/&#13;
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Folley, R. (2023). 2023 Investment Climate Statements: Pakistan. U.S Deparment of State. Islamabad: Trade and Investment. Retrieved February 07, 2024, from https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-investment-climate-statements/pakistan/&#13;
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Hashimy, S. Q. (2023, January). China’s Belt-Road Initiative and Investment. International Journal of Science and Research, 449-453. doi:10.21275/SR23109202519&#13;
&#13;
Kaphle, K. P. (2020). Mineral Resources of Nepal and their present status. Nepal Geological Society, Department of Mines and Geology. Kathmandu: Nepal Geological Society. Retrieved February 19, 2024, from https://ngs.org.np/mineral-resources-of-nepal-and-their-present-status/&#13;
&#13;
Kautilya. (2022). Arthashastra. In Kautilya, Arthashastra (2022 ed., Vol. VII, p. 373). New Delhi, India: FingerPrint Classics. Retrieved January 25, 2024&#13;
&#13;
Kayani, F. N. (2013). China-Pakistan Economic Relations. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, Vol. 7 (3)(2013), 454- 462. Retrieved February 11, 2024&#13;
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Kharel, D. K. (2021, October). Nepal-China Bilateral Economic Cooperation Empowering. Patan Pragya, 9, 128-143. Retrieved March 03, 2024, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yadav-Upadhyaya/publication/357818285_Nepal-China_Bilateral_Economic_Cooperation_Empowering_Nepalese_Economy/links/64d1f89e91fb036ba6d62d4c/Nepal-China-Bilateral-Economic-Cooperation-Empowering-Nepalese-Economy.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Malik, D. R. (2013). the Sino-Pakistani trade. Pakistan: Margalla Papers, National Defense University. Retrieved February 11, 2024, from ttps://web.archive.org/web/20180424181940id_/http://www.ndu.edu.pk/issra/issra_pub/articles/margalla-paper/Margalla-Papers-2013/09-The%20Sino-Pakistani-Trade.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Malkani, M. S. (2016). Mineral resources of Pakistan: A review. Geological survey of Pakistan. Quetta: Geological Survey of Pakistan. Retrieved February 01, 2024, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M-Sadiq-Malkani/publication/305942087_Mineral_Resources_of_Pakistan_A_Review/links/5a92746c0f7e9ba4296e199e/Mineral-Resources-of-Pakistan-A-Review.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Scarlat, D. (2015). Afghanistan resources. Bucharest, Romania: Land Forces Staff. Retrieved February 04, 2024, from https://www.armyacademy.ro/reviste/rev4_2015/Scarlat.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Shrestha, P. K. (2023). Survey Report on Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal 2021/22. Nepal Rashtra Bank, Economic Research Department. Kathmandu: Nepal Rashtra Bank. Retrieved March 04, 2024, from https://www.nrb.org.np/contents/uploads/2023/09/FDI-Survey-2021-22-2.pdf&#13;
&#13;
South Asian Development Update. (2023, October 01). Retrieved January 27, 2024, from World Bank Website: https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/9c70bcc4b291f92a9dba8e4690d04419-0310012023/related/SADU-Oct-2023-Killer-charts.xlsx&#13;
&#13;
Taneja, N. (2019). Strengthening India-Nepal economic relations. New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. Retrieved February 23, 2024, from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/203715/1/1669531279.pdf&#13;
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The World Bank Data. (2023, March 01). Retrieved January 27, 2024, from World Bank Website: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN&#13;
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World Bank. (2018, September 09). Why OneSouthAsia? Retrieved March 31, 2024, from worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/south-asia-regional-integration/trade&#13;
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World Bank Group. (2024). South Asian Development Update. Washington: World Bank Group. Retrieved April 13, 2024, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4ec19c2d-65fd-4523-8020-338f0cb98523/content&#13;
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*****&#13;
&#13;
Appendix A&#13;
&#13;
List of Tables:&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Table 1. Minerals and Mining-sites in Afghanistan.&#13;
	Table 2. Trade between India-Afghanistan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 3. Trade between China-Afghanistan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 4. Trade between India-Pakistan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 5. Trade between China-Pakistan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 6. Major minerals and mining-sites in Nepal.&#13;
	Table 7. Trade amount between India-Nepal: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 8. Chinese Project in Nepal.&#13;
	Table 9. FDI Stock in Major Sector of Nepal by China: 2021-22 (in NPR Mn).&#13;
	Table 10. Trade amount between China-Nepal: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 11. Trade amount between India-Bhutan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 12. Trade amount between China-Bhutan: 2018-23 (in USD$ Mn).&#13;
	Table 13. Total external debt as a percentage of total reserve (Afghanistan, Pakistan,&#13;
	Nepal, Bhutan).&#13;
	Table 14. Complexity in Administration to deal with South-Asian Economic relation.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Appendix B&#13;
&#13;
List of Figures:&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Figure 1. Importance of geographical location of Afghanistan&#13;
	Figure 2. Geographical location of minerals in Afghanistan.&#13;
	Figure 3. Geostrategic Location of Pakistan&#13;
	Figure 4. Role of Devaluation of currency in promoting export.&#13;
	Figure 5. Treaties and; Agreement for trade between India-Nepal.&#13;
	Figure 6. Nepal-China Trade Balance.&#13;
	Figure 7. Various Bhutanese product and their share in export to India.&#13;
	Figure 8. Role of China and India in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan.&#13;
	Figure 9. South Asia, as a theatre of competition between China (BRI-Strategy) and Quad (Indo-Pacific Strategy).&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Appendix C&#13;
&#13;
List of Graphs:&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Graph 1. Total External Debt of the above four countries.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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