<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN/>
      <EISSN/>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 6 Issue 3</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>Dec 2025-Jan 2026</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <Day>31</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Security Studies</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Human Security in Odisha: Challenges, Vulnerabilities, and Pathways for Inclusive Development</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>522</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>534</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Raju</FirstName>
          <LastName>Barman</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Debasis</FirstName>
          <LastName>Acharya</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2026.6309 </DOI>
      <Abstract>Human security in Odisha constitutes a complex, multidimensional concern shaped by persistent socio-economic inequities, ecological volatility, and structural governance deficits that disproportionately affect Scheduled Tribes and other marginalized groups. Although the state has registered notable progress in poverty reduction, disaster governance, and social welfare provisioning, existing scholarship remains analytically fragmented, with studies largely confined to discrete domains such as malnutrition, migration, or climate vulnerability. This paper addresses this critical research gap by advancing an integrated human security perspective that synthesizes economic, nutritional, health, environmental, political, and cultural dimensions. The core objectives are: to identify the principal threats undermining human security in Odisha, to examine the differentiated vulnerabilities confronting tribal and rural populations; and to propose context-sensitive pathways for inclusive and resilience-oriented development. Methodologically, the study employs a descriptive analytical, approach, drawing upon secondary sources including Census data, NFHS surveys, State Human Development Reports, disaster management documents, and scholarly literature. The scope encompasses both macro-structural conditions and micro-regional disparities, with emphasis on high-vulnerability districts such as Koraput, Malkangiri, Rayagada, and Keonjhar. The study argues that enhancing human security requires a rights-based, institutionally grounded, and resilience-enhancing framework centred on livelihood diversification, nutritional adequacy, accessible healthcare, disaster preparedness, cultural preservation, and participatory governance</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Human Security, Odisha, Tribal Communities, Disaster Vulnerability, Livelihoods, Governance, Social Inclusion</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://www.ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=16109&amp;title=Human Security in Odisha: Challenges, Vulnerabilities, and Pathways for Inclusive Development</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Bhoi, N., and; Acharya, S. K. (2024). Health status of particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) of Odisha: A narrative review. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 43, 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00671-8&#13;
&#13;
Council on Energy, Environment and Water. (2021, May 27). 26 districts in Odisha vulnerable to extreme climate events [Press release]. https://www.ceew.in/press-releases/26-districts-odisha-vulnerable-extreme-climate-events-ceew&#13;
&#13;
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2022, July 22). Infant mortality rate among Scheduled Tribes (Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1035). https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/179/AU1035.pdf&#13;
&#13;
Gual, L., and; Das, A. (2025). Have Indigenous regions been left behind? Three decades of development and disparity in Odisha, India. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 12, Article 101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101894&#13;
&#13;
Jamwal, N. (2025, October 28). India: Indigenous peoples (Adivasi communities) in Odisha resist forced relocation, demand development and forest rights. Business and; Human Rights Resource Centre. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/india-indigenous-peoples-adivasi-communities-in-odisha-resist-forced-relocation-demand-development-and-forest-rights/&#13;
&#13;
Jena, P., and; Kouamand;eacute;, A. T. (2023, November 3). Odishaand;rsquo;s turnaround in disaster management has lessons for the world. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2023/11/03/odisha-s-turnaround-in-disaster-management-has-lessons-for-the-world&#13;
&#13;
Kshatri, J. S., Mansingh, A., Kavitha, A. K., Bhattacharya, H., Bhuyan, D., Bhattacharya, D., Rehman, T., Swain, A., Mishra, D., Tripathy, I., Mohapatra, M. R., Nayak, M., Sahoo, U. K., and; Pati, S. (2023). Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey: Methods, tools, and protocols for a comprehensive health assessment survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1157241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157241&#13;
&#13;
Nayak, J. K. (2018). Forests, forest lands and; displacement in tribal districts of Orissa. The eTribal Tribune. https://www.etribaltribune.com/&#13;
&#13;
Panda, S., and; Sahu, R. (2025, October 21). Odishaand;rsquo;s infant mortality paradox: Analysing the systemic gaps behind persistent high rates. Down To Earth. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/health/odishas-infant-mortality-paradox-analysing-the-systemic-gaps-behind-persistent-high-rates&#13;
&#13;
Press Trust of India. (2024, December 7). 11,710 children in Odisha suffering from severe acute malnutrition: Government. NDTV. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/11-710-children-in-odisha-suffering-from-severe-acute-malnutrition-dycm-7193725&#13;
&#13;
Rekha, S., Shirisha, P., Muraleedharan, V. R., Vaidyanathan, G., and; Dash, U. (2023). Wealth inequalities in nutritional status among tribal under-5 children in India: A temporal trend analysis using NFHS data of Jharkhand and Odisha (2006and;ndash;2021). Dialogues in Health, 2, 100135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100135&#13;
&#13;
World Bank, and; National Health Systems Resource Centre. (2021). Odisha health dossier 2021: Key indicators. https://nhsrcindia.org/sites/default/files/practice_image/HealthDossier2021/Odisha.pdf</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>